Cannine Reproduction – HEALTHLIFESOURCE.COM
Last Updated on Sunday, 4 April 2010 11:53 Written by Natural Health Team Sunday, 4 April 2010 11:53
Nomenculature of cannines
The female dog is called a bitch and male as the dog,a breeding dog is called as stud The domestication of the dog is as ancient and man (WANI 2002)The cannines mature sexually at an age varing between breeds and even indiduals.Normally puberty age ranges between 6 to 12 months, although this can be delayed until up to two years of age for some large breeds. Pregnancy is possible as soon as the first estrus cycle, but breeding is not recommended prior to the third cycle. It is known that both wolves and domestic dogs have the same number of chromosomes; 39 pairs
Male
Secondary sex characteristics include increased muscle mass, enlargement, of sexual organs, anal hypertrophy, and development of a gland at the base of the tail. Testosterone levels are also responsible for the sex drive, which is not cyclical. Males are receptive to mating at any time, and are willing to mate even if the bitch is not receptive.
Female
The anatomy of female dogs is similar to that of many other mammals. They have two ovaries located caudal to the kidneys in the abdominal cavity. They have a bicornuate uterus or two-horned uterus which ends as the cervix, a small canal which connects to the vagina. The cervix is muscular with fibrous tissue support, and its opening closes in a stellate pattern. The vagina opens into an enlarged space called the vestibule which also receives the opening of the urethra. The vestibule makes a steep downward turn exits within the vulva. Females have a clitoris just inside the vulva. Bitches often have a vaginal stricture, which is a remnant of where the vagina and vestibule fused together during embryonic development. This stricture is often asymptomatic and is broken down during mating.The bitches are polyoestrus and show breeding cycle towice in a year,
Conversely, undomesticated canine species experience estrus once a year, typically in late winter.
Most female dogs come into season for the first time between 6 and 12 months, although some larger breeds delay until as late as 2 years. Like most mammals, the age that a female first comes into season is mostly a function of her current body weight as a proportion of her body weight when fully mature. They then experience estrus about every seven months until ancient age. Female dogs do not experience menopause, although their cycles will become irregular and fertility becomes unpredictable as they become older. Dogs over around 7 or 8 years are usually considered no longer appropriate for breeding, but can still remain fertile.
The reproductive cycle Female cycle
The average length of the reproductive cycle for females is 7 months. Bitches reach sexual maturity (puberty) between 4 and 18 months of age. There is a tremendous variability in the maturation age between breeds, and even within a breed of dog. The first stage of the reproductive cycle is proestrus, in which eggs in the ovaries start to mature and estrogen levels start to rise. During this stage males are attracted to non-receptive females. Initially, the vulvar lips will swell up and become pliable, there are small amounts of bloody vaginal discharge, and signs of frequent urination and restlessness. Proestrus generally lasts 9 days. Estrus is the next stage, in which estrogen levels are high, mature eggs are released from the ovaries, and the females mentally and physically become receptive to copulation. It is only during estrus that copulation will result in pregnancy. During proestrus and estrus, females may have a clear to bloody discharge. This stage is also known as “heat.” The length of these cycles varies greatly between individuals. Proestrus and estrus can last anywhere from 5 days to 21 days. Diestrus is the period following mating. Diestrus lasts approximately 56 to 58 days in the pregnant females, and 60 to 100 days in the non-pregnant females. During both of these periods, progesterone levels are high. Because the hormonal profile of a pregnant female and a female in diestrus are the same, sometimes a non-pregnant female will go through a period of pseudo-pregnancy. At that time she may gain weight, have mammary gland development, produce milk, and exhibit nesting behaviours. Anestrus is the period of reproductive quiescence. The female has no attraction to or from the male. Anestrus generally lasts four to five months.
Copulation adopted from mekmanal for editing and corrections
When copulating, a male canine initially mounts the female from behind, as with most tetrapods, a position known informally as doggy style. The female will hold her tail to the side (called “flagging”) and allow this if receptive. If unreceptive she may sit or lie down, snap, go away,
When the male achieves penetration, he will often hold tighter and thrust quicker, and it is at this point when he is mating that the male’s penis expands. Canine reproduction is different from human sexual intercourse, because human males become erect first, and then enter the female; canine males enter first, then swell and become erect. This is because in humans the testicles produce sperm constantly and it is went to the epididymous (the channels at the back of the testis.) They allow a human to release all the stored sperm at the end of intercourse defined by ejaculation. Dogs do not have the epididymal storage space. They are required to “pump” their sperm directly from their testicles. This process requires at least 20 minutes of cellular transfer directly from their testicles, through their urethra, and eventually into the female. It is not convenient for the male if the female wants to bolt away 2 minutes after the male orgasm initiates, and is able to run off.
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Once the male sexual organ is locked into the vagina by the bulbus glandis (when the stud is “tied”), the male will usually lift a leg and swing it over the female’s back while turning around. The two stand with their hind ends touching and the penis locked inside the vagina while ejaculation occurs, decreasing leakage of semen from the vagina. After some time, typically 5 – 20 minutes (but sometimes longer), the bulbus glandis disengorges, allowing the mates to separate. Virgin dogs can become quite distressed at finding themselves unable to separate during their first copulation, and may try to pull away or run. Dog breeders often suggest it is appropriate for those involved to help cool and settle the mating dogs once this stage is reached, if they show anxiety, through until eventual separation.
Note that similar canine mounting behavior (sometimes with pelvic thrusting) is also used by dominant canines of both sexes. Dominance mounting, with or without thrusting, should not be confused with copulatory mounting, in which the thrusting is small term until a “tie” is achieved.
In dominance mounting, the dominant dog is merely trying to get its head above the subordinate dog. If a male dog does this, one may notice that the genitals are aimed over the subordinates tail rather than under it. Unsheathing of the male genitals are a sign that the dominant dog has “won the fight” of dominance.
Tags: dog mating tube, dog mating with women, mated by a dog, mating dog tube video, semen leak, semen leakage, semen pump for dogs, Sperm, vagina, vulva, women mating with dog, youtube reproductionRelated posts
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